地下車站排熱通風系統困境及其原因探討
Discussion on predicament and causes of heat rejection and ventilation systems in subway stations
摘要：
對列車空調冷凝器運行熱環境的控制能力是衡量地鐵車站軌區排熱系統性能的重要指標，然而現有排熱通風系統客觀上存在排熱效果不佳、能耗高、風道調試難和施工周期長，以及安全隱患等問題。本文通過對不同車站排熱系統的運行狀態實測和調研發現，排熱系統控溫效果不明顯、風口風量分布不均，且不同地鐵環境中設置排熱系統的必要性有差異。進一步對排風口現狀典型風量和目標風量下的熱環境和排熱效率進行了CFD計算和對比分析，結果顯示：排熱風口風量分布不均是影響排熱系統性能的主要原因；當每臺冷凝器對應排風量達到2.5 m3/s時，排熱效率超過55%、熱風比達到16.7 J/m3，系統控制軌區熱環境的能力顯著提高。
Abstract：
The ability to control the operating thermal environment of the condensers of train air conditioning units is an important indicator to measure the performance of the heat rejection system in the rail area of subway stations, but the existing heat rejection and ventilation system objectively has problems such as poor heat rejection effect, high energy consumption, difficult air duct commissioning, long construction period, and potential safety hazards. Through the actual measurement and investigation of the operating status of the heat rejection system of different stations, it is found that the temperature control effect of the heat rejection system is not obvious, the air volume distribution is uneven, and the necessity of setting up the heat rejection system in different subway environments is different. Furthermore, CFD calculation and comparative analysis of the thermal environment and heat exhaust efficiency under the typical air volume and target air volume of the exhaust air outlets are further carried out, and the results show that the uneven distribution of the air volume of the exhaust air outlets is the main reason affecting the performance of the heat rejection system. When the corresponding exhaust air volume of each condenser reaches 2.5 m3/s, the heat exhaust efficiency exceeds 55% and the heat-air volume ratio reaches 16.7 J/m3, and the systems ability to control the thermal environment of the rail area is significantly improved.
Keywords:subway;heatrejectionsystem;heatexhaustefficiency;heat-airvolumeratio;overtrackexhaustduct;trainairconditioningunit;on-sitemeasurement